Chronology of Herod’s Life

73 BC Herod born

67 Queen Alexandra dies

Hyrcanus II high priest

66 Aristobulus II high priest and king

65 Pompey (Romans) in Syria; end Seleucid kingdom

64 Syria becomes Roman province

Hurricane destroys Judean crops

63 Aristobulus II defeats Hyrcanus II

Pompey sides with Hyrcanus II

Pompey captures Jerusalem

Pharisees encourage Pompey to end Hasmonean rule

Hyrcanus II re-appointed high priest and ethnarch

Antipater sides with Pomey and helps administrate Jeudea

61 Pompey’s victory in Rome

60 First Triumvirate established to rule Rome – Caesar, Pompey, Crassus

57 Hyrcanus loses power

Herod meets Mark Antony

56 Aristobulus II revolts against Rome

Roman General Gabinius puts down Aristobulus’ revolt

55 Antipater helps Roman General Gabinius in Egypt

Antipater is appointed procurator of Judea by Rome

54 Crassus becomes governor of Syria

Crassus pillages temple

Crassus defeated and killed by Parthians

Cassius becomes governor of Syria

49 Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon

Civil War in Rome between Caesar and Pompey

Julius Caesar named dictator of Rome

48 Pompey assassinated

Antipater rebuilds the walls of Jerusalem

47 Sextus Caesar governor of Syria

Julius Caesar travels to Egypt, Syria, Asia

Caesar reinstates Cleopatra as Egypt’s queen

Antipater becomes a Roman citizen

Antipater appointed procurator, Hyrcanus named ethnarch

Antipater’s sons appointed positions by Rome:

- Phasael appointed governor of Jerusalem

- Herod governor of Galilee

Herod puts down revolt in Galilee by Hezekiah

Proceedings held in Jerusalem against Herod for violence in Galilee

Herod marries Doris

46 Rome appoints Herod governor of Coele-Syria (Phoenicia, and coast)

45 Herod assists Caesar’s troops against Apamea, a Syrian city near Antioch

Caesar adopts Octavian

44 Julius Caesar is assassinated

43 Antipater poisoned by Malichus

Triumvirate #2 – Antony, Octavian, Lepidus

42 Herod marries Mariamme I (a Hasmonean)

Octavian and Mark Antony defeat Brutus and Cassius

41 Herod meets with Antony in Bithynia

Herod and Phasael appointed joint tetrarchs

40 Antigonus (Hasmonean, son of Aristobulus II) named king of Parthians Parthians invade Judea

Jerusalem revolts against Herod and Phasael

Phasael commits suicide

Hyrcanus disfigured by Antigonus

Herod escapes Jerusalem for Rome by way of Masada to Alexandria to

Rhodes to Rome

Antigonus becomes High Priest

Herod in Rome and is named king of Judea, Galilee and Perea by Senate

39 Idumaea and Samaria added to Herod’s territory

Herod arrives in Ptolemais

Herod takes Joppa and Masada

Herod attacks Jerusalem but retreats to Galilee

38 Herod takes Sepphoris, Caves of Arbela

Herod assists Mark Antony at Samosata (west banks of Euphrates)

37 Herod besieges Jerusalem

Herod takes control of Jerusalem in July

Herod purges Sanhedrin

Year of famine in Judea

36 Ananel, from Babylon, appointed high priest

35 Ananel deposed as high priest and replaced with Aristobulus III,

Mariamme’s brother (the last Hasmonean high priest)

Aristobulus III drowns in Jericho

Ananel re-appointed high priest

34 Antony questions Herod in Laodicea concerning death of Aristobulus III

Cleopatra visits Jerusalem and gains Jericho and parts of costal plain

32 Octavian and Antony begin Civil War

Herod supports Antony

31 Earthquake in Judea

Octavian defeats Antony and Cleopatra

30 Octavian confirms Herod as king of Judea in meeting at Rhodes

Herod entertains Octavian at Ptolemais

Herod supports Octavian’s attack on Egypt

Antony and Cleopatra commit suicide

Herod’s territory expands

Herod accompanies Octavian from Egypt to Antioch

29 Marcus Cicero governor of Syria

Mariamme is executed by Herod

Epidemic in Judea, Herod sick in Samaria

28 Alexandra executed after scheme for power

Sons of Baba executed by Herod

Famine and plague in Judea

Games hosted in Jerusalem

27 Roman Senate proclaims Octavian as Emperor Caesar Augustus

23 Herod gains Batanea, Trachonitis and Auranitis

Herod sends his sons, Alexander and Aristobulus, to Rome for education.

Herod’s son, Archelaus, is born

22 Gadara rebels against Herod

20 Caesar Augustus (Octavian) visits Herod in Galilee, Samaria and Judea

Herod gains Gaulanitis, Hulata and Panias

17 Herod takes 2^nd trip to Rome, this time to get sons Alexander and

Aristobulus

13 Herod makes a 2^nd will names his son Antipater as his heir

12 Herod accuses Alexander and Aristobulus before Augustus in Rome (3^rd trip to Rome)

Herod, Antipater, Alexander, Aristobuus are reunited by Augustus and

return home together. Herod makes a 3^rd will with Antipater as heir

and Alexander and Aristobulus as subordinates

Caesarea Maritima opens

Herod presides over and is President of Olympic games this year

11 Revolt against Herod in Trachonitis

10 Alexander and Aristobulus imprisoned by Herod

9 Herod invades Nabatea and is disciplined by Augustus

Herod loses the right to name his successor; loses favor with Augustus

8 Herod visits Rome a 4^th time and is reconciled to Augustus

Augustus wishes to cede Nabatea to Herod

7 Alexander and Aristobulus strangled at Sebaste

Herod’s 4^th will names Antipater heir with Philip succeeding him

Antipater then plots against his father and his brother Philip

6 Herod separates from the Pharisees and rules for executions

Archelaus and Antipas return to Jerusalem

Antipater goes to Rome with a 5^th will which names Antipater as heir

5 Antipater returns to Jerusalem and is tried and imprisioned

4 Herod names Antipas as sole heir in his 6^th will

Antipater is executed

Herod names Archelaus, Antipas and Philip heirs in his 7^th will

Herod dies in Jericho in March

6 AD Archelaus is deposed and replace with prefects/procurators

Annas appointed high priest