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Lesson 28 of 50 - Church History (part six of eight)
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Church History (part six): The Crusades

1096   First Crusade

 

The Crusades

Purpose: to free the Holy Land from the Muslims

Crusade

Year

Pope/Emperor

Location and Result

First

1096-1099

Urban II

Captured Nicea, Antioch, Edessa, Jerusalem
Established a several Crusader kingdoms

Second

1147-1148

Eugene III

Attempt to recapture Edessa in order to have a place to defend a Muslim advance on Jerusalem; it failed.  Saladin recaptured Jerusalem for the Muslims in 1187

Third

1189-1192

Gregory VIII

The “King’s Crusade”; Emperor Frederick I drowned on the way; Philip went home; Richard lost but European pilgrims were given access to Jerusalem

Fourth

1200-1204

Innocent III

The goal was to take Egypt as a base to attack Jerusalem; Constantinople was taken which made the Eastern church subject to the Western Roman church again from 1204-1261

Children’s

1212

Nicholas (age 12)

100,000 teens and children were killed or enslaved on the way

Fifth

1219-1221

Honorius

Another attempt to take Egypt for a base of operation; crusaders ran short of supplies, turned back but were attacked and defeated.  Result: Eight year peace treaty

Sixth

1229

Frederick II

Negotiation gave Christians Jerusalem, Bethlehem, Nazareth and a road to the sea.

Seventh

1248-1254

Louis IX

Louis IX of France was taken captive and ransomed for 50,000 times the entire annual revenue of France when he and thousands of his troops were defeated by Egypt

Eighth

1270

Louis IX

A crusade to defend the remaining crusader kingdoms from Muslim attacks.  The plan was to attack Tunis (north coast of Africa) for a base to attack Egypt which was needed to attack Jerusalem.  When they landed in Africa the army became sick from drinking water, even King Louis died.

 

1090-1153     Bernard of Clairvaux

1123   First Lateran Council

1139   Second Lateran Council

1147-1149     Second Crusade

1100   University of Oxford Founded

1100   Notre Dame de Paris is built

1176   Peter Waldo founds the Waldensians

1179   Third Lateran Council

1189   Third Crusade

1212   The Children’s Crusade

1215   Fourth Crusade

1189-1216     Innocent III

1000’s            Scholasticism

1225-1274     Thomas Aquinas                                                                                             

1200’s   Universities

1215   Fourth Lateran Council (Council of Rome IV)

1216   Dominicans Founded

Absolute poverty
Devoted to practical activities in society
Lay brotherhoods which were men who continued their lives but  were bound by oath to practice the virtues of the Gospel.
Became teachers in the universities
The first monastic bodies to vow allegiance directly to the pope.  No bishop, abbot intervened between them.  They became the pope’s bodyguard and organized support.  They made it their job to preach the supremacy of the pope.

1245   Lyons Council I

1265-1321     Dante

1274   Lyons Council II

1311   Vienne Council

Locations in Church History

1300-1400     Mysticism

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